Research The following sections briefly summarise Sam’s main areas of research interest: Toggle menu Image-based deformation measurement GeoPIV-RG Applications Triaxial sample imaging Transparent Soils Image-based constitutive model parameter calibration Boundary value problem calibration Probabilistic parameter calibration Constitutive model ranking Whole-life geotechnical performance Penetrometer measurements of strength evolution Simulating the cyclic T-bar test Sliding foundations Anchors Other interests Shallow penetrometers Spudcan punch-through Helical screw piles Vehicle mobility